YOGYAKARTA TRADITIONAL HOUSE

YOGYAKARTA TRADITIONAL HOUSE (INDONESIA)

HISTORY

In the 16th and 17th centuries the arrival of Europeans introduced bricks for the construction of homes, which at that time were often used by the rich. Traditional house forms also began to affect the colonial architecture in Indonesia. The Dutch Indies house was made to resemble a traditional Javanese house that could withstand heat and rain.

ROOF LEVEL

Traditional Javanese houses are classified according to the shape of the roof. The roof form of the lowest is Kampung, Limasan, and highest Joglo. The houses have different types of roofs to show the social and economic status of homeowners.

Kampung

The roof structure of the village is the simplest. Roof top of the house Kampung leaned on four central pillars supported by two pole binders. Rooftop rail supported buffer with north-south axis. This structure can be enlarged by spreading the roof.

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Limasan

Limasan is the most common type of roof used for Javanese homes. Commonly used for Javanese family homes that have higher social status. The structure of the limasan is the floor of the expanded four pillars by adding a pair of posts at one end of the roof.

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Joglo

Joglo roof is commonly used for dwelling house. Joglo roof shape is very distinctive and complicated. The main roof is steeper, the roof ridge is not as long as the limasan. In the four main pillars supporting the roof there is a composition of poles layered (intercropping).

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HOUSE SECTION

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Ket: 1. lawang pintu 2. pendopo 3. peringgitan 4. emperan 5. dalem 6. senthong 7. gandok 8. Dapur

The Javanese house is usually built in a walled compound. The outer wall material is made of stone or bamboo / wood. Javanese traditional house consists of three main buildings namely Omah, Pendapa, and Pringgitan.

Pendopo

The Pendapa is a pavilion located at the front of the complex. This section is used to receive guests (public). This Pendapa using Joglo roof. In some areas ordinary stone walls erected around Pendapa.

Pringgitan

Pringgitan is the space that connects Pendopo with Omah. Pringgitan is a place for ringgit (wayang) or play puppets. Pringgitan has a roof shape or Limasan.

Omah

Omah is the main house. Omah is square or rectangle with elevated floor level. The roof used is limasan. Inside Omah is divided by inner and outer walls.

Dalem

Dalem is a closed part of the house. Dlame division dissects the part between front and back. The front is the venue for all family members (semi private). The back is used for sleeping family members (private).

Senthong

Senthong is the back of the house which consists of enclosed spaces. Senthong kiwa is used as a place to store weapons and sacred goods. Senthong thengen serves as a place to store rice and other agricultural products, as well as agricultural equipment. Senthong is being used to store seeds, as well as a place of prayer or shrine to Dewi Sri.

On the outside there are several other buildings that serve as a kitchen and bathroom.

CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE

The main building framework of the Java house consists of a pillar teacher (four main pillars with a buffer above). This shape is also as a pedestal roof of the house to be cone shaped.

The pile construction joint is a purus system. The purus system is a knockdown construction, which is a bulge and a hole that interconnects (locks one another).

INSTALLATION SYSTEM

Remote system is designed by adjusting the environment. The Joglo house has a multilevel roof, the more it gets to the center of the floor with the roof. Each roof height becomes a relationship of human movement with the air around. When humans are outside Joglo the outside air is still felt, but when humans move into the middle of the air will get cool. Like the theory of building physics that the volume of space under the roof is getting to the middle of the greater.

BUILDING ELEMENTS

               Plan

House plans form a grid pattern when drawn an imaginary line.

               Balance

Appearance and layout of traditional houses form symmetrical. This is seen when drawn a line on each axis.

               Foundations and columns

The foundation used is the foundation Umpak, which is the stone support times connected to the column. Types of wood commonly used are Jati wood. Part of the foundation is raised to the surface of the soil that becomes accent in the house.

ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

Javanese traditional decoration includes ornamental plants, animals, nature and religion. Variety of ornamental plants get influence from the era of Pre-Islam (Hindu era). The form of plants used as decoration has a sacred meaning. The meaning of this decoration is beauty and kindness by using red, green, and yellow (gold).

name	form	location	meaning
Lung lungan	The creeping plant is depicted with leaves, flowers, and fruit. (red, green, yellow, blue, purple)	There are on the roof truss beam, door, and windows.	Aesthetics.
Saton	Rectangular shape with leaf ornament and flower. (green, red, gold)	Located on the roof frame, the top building poles, and the door.	Beauty.
Wajikan	Rhombus shape, contains leaves or flowers.	Located in the center of the pole or on the cross beam.	As aesthetic.
Nanasan	Similar pineapple, bee house. Color in accordance with the building.		The beauty and hard work to get happiness.
Tlacapan	Rows of equilateral triangles. Plain or contain lung-lungan. Gold color with green base.	The base and end of the building frame beam.	Sunlight which means brightness or majesty.
Kebenan	Square tapered like a crown.	The lower end of the joglo and the lower end of saka benthung.	Beauty. The imperfect process becomes perfect.
Patran	The leaves are lined up. Patra means leaf.	Edge decoration on the flat plane in the frame section of the building.	Beauty and perfection.
Padma	Red lotus shape.	Located on a pedestal.	Aesthetics and purity, solid, and strong.

Decorative animals have a meaning to prevent disasters and crime. Decorative animals also symbolize strength and courage. Located on structural elements or non-structures that exist above the building, also at the entrance of the main room.

name	form	location	meaning
Kemamang	giant (kala)	At the front of the gate.	Catch the evil things that will enter the house.
Peksi Garuda	Eagle.	Bubungan, center senthong, and gate.	Fight crime.
Ular Naga	dragon face	At the gate and ridge of the house.	Eliminating the cause of the disaster.
Jago	Rooster.	Above the building, at the end of the ridge.	Virility and courage.
Mirong	Putri mirong.	The pillar of the saka guru.	Embodiments of Kanjeng Ratu Kidul.

The variety of ornamental nature emphasizes the relationship between the universe and God. The embodiment of orientation, topography, cosmology of dualism is symbolized by water, mountains, clouds, and the sun.

name	form	location	meaning
Gunungan	mountain.	Center of the ridge.	The symbol of the universe with the peak of majesty.
Makutha	crown.	Middle ridge or on the right and left edges.	Representatives from God who bless the house.
Praba	Leaf. Peacock tails.	Up and down poles.	Lighting the pole.
Panah	The arrows are heading to a point.	The top door.	As a repellent of reinforcements.
Kepetan	Shape ¼ circle with curved side.	Doors, and gebyok walls.	Lighting source for the whole house (symbol of the sun of the Hindu era)
Mega mendung	White and black clouds.	The edges of doors, windows, and bulkheads.	Male and women, black and white, day and night, good and bad.
Banyu tetes	Water droplets.	Frame.	There is no life without water.

Religious decoration manifests relationship with God through a symbol of nuance. The location is adjusted to the function of the building.

name	form	location	meaning
Mustaka	Head.	On the roof. For a mosque or a grave.	Crown.